LWMTAC-Law of Armed Conflict (International Humanitarian Law)

Module Provider: School of Law
Number of credits: 20 [10 ECTS credits]
Level:7
Terms in which taught: Spring term module
Pre-requisites:
Non-modular pre-requisites:
Co-requisites:
Modules excluded:
Current from: 2023/4

Module Convenor: Dr Saeed Bagheri
Email: saeed.bagheri@reading.ac.uk

Type of module:

Summary module description:

The law of armed conflict (LOAC) (also known as ‘international humanitarian law’) concerns a major substantive area of public international law (the jus in bello). It examines issues including the legal protections for injured or captured combatants and civilians, the rules as to how warfare is to be conducted, such as the prohibition of or restrictions on the use of certain weapons and rules on targeting, and the law of occupation. It also offers introductions into cutting-edge areas including displacement and complex emergencies in armed conflict. The module offers a unique insight into some of the most controversial and fundamental aspects of the modern international legal order and their manifestations in practice (such as the law applicable to so-called ‘modern’ conflicts between States and transnational non-State armed groups or the occupation of the Palestinian Territories). The module essentially asks how – in what manner – war must be fought in the modern world. This question is assessed through both abstract examination of the law and through detailed real world case studies. This module is designed to complement the LWMTUF International Law and the Use of Military Force module, which considers the rules of international law applicable to initial uses of military force in the international sphere, prior to an armed conflict emerging (the ius ad bellum). However, the modules can also be taken wholly independently.

Aims:
The module examines LOAC not only through abstract assessment of the legal rules themselves, but also through detailed assessment of real world examples that highlight the law (and its shortcomings) in practice. As such, students will engage with major case studies of armed conflict, including occupation, from the contemporary era. The aim is for students to gain a detailed substantive understanding of the ius in bello, including an appreciation both of its value and limitations in practice. As part of this, the module seeks to contextualise LOAC within the broader field of public international law, demonstrating how developments in the latter have impacted LOAC (and vice versa). In addition, the module aims to provide some theoretical underpinning to this substantive knowledge and to question, amongst other things, the moral implications of the balance that is struck in international humanitarian law between the imperative to protect against the consequences of warfare and the need to allow for effective military action during inevitable times of armed conflict.

Assessable learning outcomes:

On completion of the module, students will be expected to be able to:

• Draw upon a body of detailed substantive knowledge of international law gained through both class participation and self-study, and apply this to an essay question or problem question involving a fictional or actual armed conflict.


• Debate the relative legal merits of controversial claims made in the context of LOAC.


• Demonstrate an ability to set the substantive law content of the module in a wider context, both legal and non-legal.

Additional outcomes:
Given the fact that the module is orientated towards small group teaching and independent study, it will encourage autonomy with regard to critical analysis of the legal topics examined, as well as high-level oral communication skills. The module will also require students to prepare a succinct case study on an armed conflict or instance of occupation, draw legal conclusions with regard to this example (both in terms of its lawfulness and any long term normative impact) and present this orally.

These outcomes are in addition to those listed in the School's $£core skills statement'.

Outline content:

Each seminar will cover a different topic, such as: The Development and Nature of International Humanitarian Law; The Law of Occupation; Detention in International Armed Conflict; Identifying Combatants; Targeting and Attack Precautions; Weapons and Methods of Warfare; The Relationship between IHL and International Human Rights Law; Cyber Warfare and IHL; The Law of Non-International Armed Conflict; Displacement from Conflict; The Law of Neutrality.

Brief description of teaching and learning methods:

Teaching in this module is designed to provide students with a range of resources on which they can draw in their learning. The main elements are:

• A list of required and recommended readings, with notes and questions that will be used to guide class discussion and reflection.


• Ten weekly seminar classes of 2 hours each.


• Students will prepare a 10 - 15 minute ‘case-study’ presentation relevant to the topic that week an d present this in class. Written formative feedback will be provided following this presentation. Where there are Faculty seminars relevant to the area then students in the module will be encouraged to attend and given the opportunity to discuss the issues with visiting academic presenters.

Contact hours:

	Autumn	Spring	Summer
Seminars		20
Guided independent study:		180
Total hours by term	0	200	0
Total hours for module	200

Summative Assessment Methods:

Method	Percentage
Written assignment including essay	80
Oral assessment and presentation	20

Summative assessment- Examinations:

Summative assessment- Coursework and in-class tests:

An assessed essay of 15 pages (formatted in accordance with the School of Law’s Assessed Work Rules).

Formative assessment methods:

Formative feedback will be provided on all presentations.

Penalties for late submission:

The below information applies to students on taught programmes except those on Postgraduate Flexible programmes. Penalties for late submission, and the associated procedures, which apply to Postgraduate Flexible programmes are specified in the policy 'Penalties for late submission for Postgraduate Flexible programmes', which can be found here: https://www.reading.ac.uk/cqsd/-/media/project/functions/cqsd/documents/cqsd-old-site-documents/penaltiesforlatesubmissionpgflexible.pdf
The Support Centres will apply the following penalties for work submitted late:

• where the piece of work is submitted after the original deadline (or any formally agreed extension to the deadline): 10% of the total marks available for that piece of work will be deducted from the mark for each working day (or part thereof) following the deadline up to a total of five working days;
• where the piece of work is submitted more than five working days after the original deadline (or any formally agreed extension to the deadline): a mark of zero will be recorded.

The University policy statement on penalties for late submission can be found at: https://www.reading.ac.uk/cqsd/-/media/project/functions/cqsd/documents/cqsd-old-site-documents/penaltiesforlatesubmission.pdf
You are strongly advised to ensure that coursework is submitted by the relevant deadline. You should note that it is advisable to submit work in an unfinished state rather than to fail to submit any work.

Assessment requirements for a pass:
50% overall

Reassessment arrangements:
See School of Law PGT Programme handbook

Additional Costs (specified where applicable):

1) Required text books: 

2) Specialist equipment or materials: 

3) Specialist clothing, footwear or headgear: 

4) Printing and binding: 

5) Computers and devices with a particular specification: 

6) Travel, accommodation and subsistence: 

Last updated: 3 August 2023